Dr Barnard is recognized internationally for developing the BARDENPHO Process (BARnard DENitrification and PHOsphorus removal), Phoredox (later called AO and A2O), the Modified Balakrishnan/Eckenfelder (later called the MLE) process and the Westbank Process. He is currently employed as Global Practice and Technology Leader by Black & Veatch in Kansas City, MO USA.

With over 40 years of experience, Dr. Barnard has done process design for more than 100 nutrient removal plants and extensions around the world and introduced BNR to North America with the design of the Palmetto plant in Florida and the Kelowna plant in British Columbia for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Most designs for high efficiency nitrogen removal in the Eastern USA are now based on these models. He presents courses and seminars on BNR at various universities and Institutions around the world.

He served as External Examiner for Ph.D. candidates from the Universities of Cape Town, Pretoria, British Columbia, Queensland, Manitoba, Purdue and Stavanger in Norway. He also served as Adjunct Professor at the University of British Columbia and taught courses in biological nutrient removal at the University of Queensland Winter School for ten consecutive years.

He also served on several Water Environmental Research Foundation Subcommittees, notably Methods for Wastewater Characterization in Activated Sludge Modeling 99-WWF-3, and presently on Project 01-CTS-3, Biological Phosphorus Removal Survey and Investigation and RFP 02-CTS-1: Sustainable Technology for Achieving Very Low Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) Effluent Levels. Presently serving as International Advisory Team for Efficient, Cost-Effective Nutrient Removal from Wastewater 06-NUTR-1

Dr. Barnard was on the forefront of developing novel final clarifier technologies especially due to the exacting requirements for BNR plants. He developed a side-outlet baffled stilling well which has out-performed the standard tangential EDI units. He was the initiator and one of the authors of the comprehensive Scientific and Technical Report No 6 Secondary Settling Tanks: Theory, Modeling, Design and Operations. He was involved in large number of retro-fits for existing clarifiers to improve performance.

He served or is serving on the Technical Advisory Committee for Nitrogen Removal for the City of New York, District of Columbia Water and Sewage Authority (DCWASA), Winnipeg MB, Canada; Los Angeles, CA and Jacksonville, FL.

Awards and Publications

W/EF Camp Award, 1987

International Association of Water Quality: Koch/Imhoff Award 1988

Gold Medal South African Academy of Science and Arts 1990

Volkskas Bank and Transvaler

Pretorian of the Year Award 1989

45 International Publications

Recently nominated as one of 9 global members of the Distinguished Group of Professionals of the International Water Association (IWA).

Installed as Honorary Diplomate of the AAEE

Clarke Prize 2007

Honorary Doctorate U of Johannesburg 2008

Previous Employment: Senior Research Officer NIWR, 1971 to 1974;Director and later President of Wates, Meiring & Barnard in Pretoria, 1974 to 1993; Reid Crowther/Vancouver B.C./ Director/1993-1998

Project Experience

Nitrogen Removal Process, DCWASA

Advisory Committee - The Washington Blue Plains plant is hemmed in and has little room for expansion. Reducing the effluent total nitrogen to less than 3 mg/L presents a challenge due to the size of the plant with flow rate of almost 2000 ML/d (500 mgd). Optimizing existing plant and carbon source for denitrification is essential to achieve the very stringent effluent nutrient requirements. Dr. Barnard served on a precious Advisory Committee and presently on an Advisory Committee for the pilot plant studies for post denitrification on attached growth media. Of concern was the carbon source used for denitrification with the use of ethanol preferred for winter operation due to the higher rate of denitrification. The Authority is also looking at the treatment of the return streams in a Sharon or eventually an Anammox process.

Forest Grove Plant - Upgrade of Existing plant to BNR, Clean Water Services Portland OR (Ongoing)

Clean Water Services operate tow other plant and during the summer they must achieve effluent TP of less than 0.1 mg/L. This project for a Facility plan for this small plant, expandable to 45 ML/d (12 mgd) has just started and one of the aims is to allow great flexibility for reaching these high standards at a later stage.

International Review Team 2007, City of Winnipeg (Ongoing)

Dr. Barnard is serving with some prominent professionals in the field of BNR to review the design of the plant proposed for the extensions to the South End plant which required upgrading for BNR. The challenge here is to optimally incorporate the existing High Purity Oxygen plant. The committee suggested adding a PhoStrip plant to the HPO plant and use post nitrification in a Moving Bed Bioreactor. The PhoStrip plant would require no major changes to the existing system while making it possible to recover phosphorus, an important aspect of sustainable design. The review is still being considered

Greenfield plant for Water Re-use, City of Fort Myers (Ongoing)

The dry conditions in Florida require that as little as possible of the treatment wastewater effluent be discharged to the estuaries. Water is treated for re-use in irrigation or discharged into deep wells which will have the effect of keeping the cleaner rainwater in aquifers closer to the surface. This allowed the use of novel technology with smaller footprint which was more acceptable to the neighbors since odor could be contained and the visual impact of the plant is reduced. The plant will be situated in a park-like environment and will be an asset to the community. The MBBR process is used with dissolved air flotation, filtering and disinfection.

Upgrade to reduced nitrogen output, City of Westhaven (Ongoing)

The City of Westhaven is taxed with a reduction of the nitrogen in the effluent that is discharged to the Long Island Sound. The plant needed upgrading and expansion as well as improvement in the clarifier performance. Dr. Barnard’s role is that of Advisor to the design team. The most cost-effective solution was the addition of floating plastic media to the activated sludge process to ensure year round nitrification. Existing rectangular final clarifiers were shallow and under-performed. Computer assisted hydraulic models confirmed the short-comings and the inlet structure of the existing clarifiers were re-designed after testing with the models. The design of the new final clarifier will follow the well-proven Gould II concept.

Secondary treatment upgrades and Facility Master Plan, Metropolitan Sewer District of Greter Cincinnati (Ongoing)

Dr. Barnard served as project advisor for the upgrade of the plant. The biggest challenge was to upgrade the existing final clarifiers for treating flows up to 900 ML/d (240 mgd). The existing units consisted of 6 units each with three interconnecting rectangular clarifiers with circular scraping mechanisms. The inlet structure was not ideal and modeling led to an improved design of the inlet structure to better cope with high flows.

Facility Plan for upgrading to ENR standards, Harford County, MD, (Ongoing)

Two of the county plants, Sod Run and Joppatowne need to be upgraded for the new ENR requirements for the State of Maryland, i.e. Total nitrogen (TN) of less than 3 mg/L and total phosphorus (TP) of less than 0.3 mg/L. Dr. Barnard served as Process Reviewer for the design team. The main plant will rely mostly on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal with some back-up chemicals for ensuring that the phosphorus effluent concentration can be met. Part of the investigation was to determine what portion of the plant was needed upgrading to the old BNR (TN 8 mg/L and TP 1 mg/L) standards and what portion would be required for reaching the ENR standards. This was necessary since the state had different funding formulae for these standards. It was found that the Joppatowne plant naturally removed phosphorus from about 8 to 1 mg/L and in this case it was decided to keep the plant as is and only add chemicals to make up the difference to 0.3 mg/L.

Nitrogen Removal Process, City of New York, New York (1996 – 2006)

Advisory Committee - The Advisory Committee guides the consultants and reviews the results of pilot and full-scale experiments for converting 13 existing plants to the step-feed nitrification/denitrification mode of operation, as the most cost-effective means for immediate action. In one case, the high rate plants will be followed by attached growth systems such as up-flow BAF units. Dr. Barnard played a significant role in addressing some of the hydraulic and scum accumulation problems with this conversion. Dr. Barnard was also instrumental in advising the City on the use of the Sharon Process for treatment of return streams at the Ward Island WWTP. The process put forward by Grontmij was reviewed and the largest Sharon plant in the world is presently under construction. The choice of the Sharon process considered the possible addition of the Anamox Process that will reduce operating costs drastically.

Master plan for upgrading high rate plant to nitrogen removal, District of Mattabassett MA (2006)

The District needed to reduce nitrogen in the effluent so-as to reduce the penalties paid for total nitrogen discharge. Dr. Barnard was involved in setting the scope of the study, as well as in a review capacity. During the study, he advised the District to try to operate the plant for nitrification but then switch off some air near the front to achieve partial denitrification. Huge savings in nitrogen credits resulted before any major changes were made to the plant. The study showed that with media added to the activated sludge aeration basin, the existing tanks could deal with year round nitrogen removal. Only one additional final clarifier was required.

Master plant for upgrading of Stickney Plant, Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (2005)

Dr. Barnard served as Leader of the Process Design Team for the Mater Plan for this upgrading this 4,500 ML/d (1 billion gpd) maximum flow plant. When the large Tunnel and reservoir complex under Chicago is completed, the flow to this plant will receive a constant maximum flow for as much as a week. In addition there is a possible phosphorus removal requirement. The 96 final clarifiers were designed in 1938 and improved through research in those early years and it was found through modeling that there is little that can be improved in the design.

City of Winnipeg, Treatment of Return stream (2005)

Dr. Barnard served on a review panel for the City of Winnipeg to review and comment on the design of a treatment system for return streams. The North plant treats the sludge from another plant and is presently a high rate plant. A first stage of nitrogen reduction was required and the design team selected a process similar to the Dutch BABE Process for reducing the nitrogen from the return streams. Some of the RAS is directed to the sidestream process and mixed with the return streams containing a high ammonia concentration. Provision was made for the addition of chemicals for denitrification. The panel suggested that it would be preferable for the highly nitrified liquor to be returned to the inlet where the nitrates could serve to counter odours while being denitrified in the inlet works and in the primary tanks. Dr. Barnard developed calculation for the potential for denitrification in the inlet and primary tanks. The plant is presently under construction.

Government of Hong Kong – Clarifier Study for Retro-Fitting Stamford Baffles (January 2000)

The Sha-Tin Treatment plant was constructed on a confined site with deep conical final clarifiers. James Barnard served on a panel for studying the retro-fitting of these clarifiers with Stamford baffles for treating the increased flow. Modeling showed that sufficient improvement could be achieved by retro-fitting the final clarifiers. Flocculation tests showed that no further improvement in effluent quality beyond the 15 to 20 mg/L effluent suspended solids was possible without changes to the plant to decrease foam production. Presently the foam is trapped in the channels leading to the final clarifiers where the foam is broken up using hoses. This action results in fine suspended solids that cannot be flocculated any further.

South Washington County WWTP, Metropolitan Council, City of Cottage Grove

Chief Process Engineer - Metropolitan Council decided to build 10-mgd plant on an EPC basis for providing secondary treatment, nitrification, biological phosphorous removal, and UV disinfection for the City of Cottage Grove. The contract was awarded to a Joint Venture Team consisting of Black & Veatch Construction, Inc. and Knutson Construction Services, Inc. The plant is comprised of influent pumping, grit removal, primary clarification, biological nutrient removal, secondary clarification, UV disinfection, re-aeration and solids processing. A unique feature of this plant is using a step-feed approach, leading to a smaller footprint. James Barnard was responsible for the design of the BNR process. During commissioning he worked closely with the plant owner to establish the need for volatile fatty acids. Initially with low flows the fermenter could not produce sufficient VFA and a small amount of molasses (8 kg/d) was added to the fermenter to ensure compliance with the 1 mg/L effluent requirement. Dr Barnard published papers with the plant manager on the commissioning of the plant

Review of Design for Secondary Treatment for the City of Dublin, Eire (2002)

Process Design Review - The plant served 1.8 m PE and was an EPC design for providing secondary treatment, nitrification and UV disinfection for the City. The contract was awarded to Paterson Candy Ltd - A Black & Veatch Company. The plant is under construction and comprised fine screens, aerated grease and grit removal, Lamella primary tanks, SBR units and UV disinfection. Limited space required that the SBR basins be stacked. Sludge is treated by heat hydrolysis and digestion then dried and pelletized. James Barnard was responsible for process design review for final acceptance.

Facilities Plan, Willow Lake WWTP, City of Salem, OR (2002)

Senior Process Advisor/Technical Reviewer – A Facility Planning study was undertaken by the City to identify conveyance and treatment alternatives to eliminate SSO’s to the Willamette River. Treatment solutions focused on handling peak wet weather flows of 315 MGD. Treatment solutions were developed to expand the existing WWTP from a capacity of 105 MGD to 155 MGD with a remote 160 MGD wet weather treatment plant, or to 315 MGD without a remote wet weather treatment plant. Treatment solutions also identified processes for potential future effluent limits for ammonia, temperature, and phosphorous and tertiary treatment for potential future water reclamation.

Process design focused on staging plant expansions to yield a single process train, eliminating existing north plant and south plant process trains. Alternatives were developed to allow abandonment of the north trickling filter plant and conversion of the south plant high purity oxygen activated sludge mode of operation to an air activated sludge process. Process analyses considered three primary flow periods: dry weather period with an average day flow of 45.6 MGD; dry weather period with high BOD and TSS loads from canneries; and peak wet weather flows up to 315 MGD.

Facilities Plan for Phosphorus Removal at Three Plants, Charlotte-Mecklenburg Utilities, NC

Principal Advisor and Reviewer – CMU has three major treatment plants, Irwin, McAlpine Creek and Sugar Creek that required the removal of phosphorus. The study was to reduce the overall load of phosphorus to the receiving reservoir by optimizing the treatment at the various plants, integrated as an entirety. The implementation must be staged to reduce to various future levels down to 0.1 mg/L. The plan was further complicated by interconnections between plants and the treatment of sludge from two of the plants on one site. Chemical treatment was compared to biological treatment and an optimal balance between these two approaches was most cost-effective.

Facility Plan for Upgrading of TF/SC Plant for Nutrient Removal, City of Pueblo, CO

Process Development - The existing plan for treating 16 mgd consisted of preliminary works, primary clarifiers and a TF/AS plant. Nitrification was partially achieved on the trickling filter and further nitrification was taking place in the activated sludge section of the plant. After data gathering on the plant flows and all the return streams, a BioWin model was prepared. The facility plan provided for the plant upgrading to 30 mgd with biological nutrient removal. The construction of another trickling filter would allow partial nitrification. It was recommended that a portion of the primary effluent be passed directly to an anoxic zone in the aeration tank for denitrification.

Study for Upgrading of ACTEW plant in Canberra for nitrogen removal

While still at Reid Cowther Dr. Barnard was involved in a preliminary study for removal of nitrogen from the ACTEW plant and possible future expansion to make use of the internal carbon sources for denitrification. The challenge was the large drop from the chemical primary tanks to the aeration basin and the large drop from one end of the aeration basin to the other making recycle of mixed liquor more costly. Possible solutions was to fill the chamber where the drop of more than 8 m took place with nitrogen gas or alternatively to back up the flow to eliminate the drop and then destroy the momentum without aeration. Also the flow distribution to the final clarifiers led to significant floc breakup which can also be reduced with some innovative hydraulic profiles.

Upgrading of Stages I and II of the Tai Po Wastewater Treatment plant, Government of Hong Kong (1994)

The upgrading of theses stages of the Tai Po plant was undertaken by Bi-Water with Dr. Barnard as Specialist Consultant. Comprehensive sampling and data analyses were carried out before construction and after commissioning and the results were used to calibrate BioWin models for the plant operation. Dr. Barnard worked closely with the plant operators during commissioning of the process. Scum remained a problem and a system was proposed for intercepting the scum before transferring it to the final clarifiers. This was not in the original contract and was then not implemented.

Alternatives to Deep Sea Outfall, Strategic Plan for Government of Hong Kong

The Master Plan for the Territory of Hong Kong included preliminary treatment and disposal in a long sea outfall. The study evaluated alternatives to this strategy and concluded that the primary sedimentation tanks, under construction should be converted to chemically assisted primary sedimentation tanks with disinfection and a short discharge system west of Lamma Island. Study included the effects of modeling of the estuary and effect of currents on swimming beaches at the south of Victoria Island.

Master Plan for Upgrading Stages III & IV Tai Po Wastewater Treatment Plant, Tai Po, Hong Kong

Technical Consultant - This study was undertaken in association with a local engineering consulting firm to allow for the ultimate population in the region. Since land is unavailable, a more compact solution was required while still providing for nitrogen removal. The study concluded that some of the existing plant could be used but parts needed to be demolished for more intensive treatment. The raw sewage contained a large portion of seawater toilet flushing. Removal of ammonia is required due to the discharge of the effluent in confined bays.

Process Design for Treatment of Abattoir Waste, City of Brandon, Manitoba

Process Designer - Responsible for a system for treatment of waste flows from a new hog slaughtering facility to tertiary standards for discharge to the river. The discharge is to the sensitive Assineboine River. The process involved a number of public hearings due to the environmental impact of this large facility on the region. Biological reduction of the very high ammonia loads and reduction in the overall nitrogen load was incorporated in the plant. The plant comprised anaerobic treatment in a covered lagoon with gas extraction followed by a nitrification/denitrification plant for reducing the nitrogen from about 200 mg/L to about 15 mg/L. The plant has now been operating very satisfactorily for about two years.

Alternatives for Treatment of Combined Storage and Sewage, Greater Vancouver(1997)

The study concerned the ultimate planning for treating the primary effluent from the Lions Gate and Iona plants to a higher standard and to reduce the discharge of CSO's to the harbor. Alternatives investigated included in situ upgrading and pumping to Iona since the need for upgrading at Iona was less urgent. A proposed large tunnel to convey to storm and wastewater to Iona would also serve to reduce the CSO's to the harbor. The cost was prohibitive when compared with upgrading Lions Gate to secondary treatment.

Upgrading to Nitrogen Removal, Woodburn, OR

Project Designer - Process design for upgrade of this plant for nitrogen removal. This plant has recently been commissioned.

Brandon Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade, City of Brandon, Manitoba (1997)

Process Designer - Responsible for the process decisions during a study for the upgrading of the Sequencing Batch Reactor for the City of Brandon. It was necessary to construct a model for testing the ability of the plant to meet the ammonia reduction requirements during periods when the plant was still operating at winter temperature. These recommendations have been put in place.

Alternatives to Effluent Disposal, Adelaide, South Australia (1996)

This study considered alternatives to the existing treatment system of high rate trickling filters and ponds before discharge to sea. This region suffers from water shortages and the implications of irrigation and the effect his would have on the return flows. It was concluded that the effluent could be upgraded to achieve 80% nitrogen removal at reasonable cost, using as much as possible the existing treatment units. Excessive odor problems would also be eliminated. Due to the high industrial component some pilot plant studies were performed to verify the predications from using the modeling tools.

Upgrade of High Rate Plant to Nutrient Removal, City of Edmonton, Alberta

Process Designer - This study included pilot plant and full-scale experimentation in order to upgrade the existing high rate plant while minimizing the de-rating of the plant capacity. Use was made of computer simulations, which were calibrated to the performance of the existing plant. Based on the computer predictions, one module was retro-fitted in a semi-step-feed mode for winter operation, which minimized the de-rating to 85% of the previous capacity, while achieving nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The demonstration module was then operated for a full year to verify that the predictions were accurate. The remainders of the aeration tanks were then retro-fitted to this flow configuration.

Upgrade of the Kelowna Plant, British Columbia, Canada

Process Designer - The original plant, built in the early 1980’s was the first BNR plant in Canada and the second one in North America, both designed by James Barnard. The recent upgrade was for increasing the capacity of the plant from 6- to 13-mgd, while improving the effluent phosphorus to comply with the prevailing standard of 0.25 mg P/L as annual average for discharge to the Okanagan Lake. The plant is achieving an annual average of about 0.17 mg/L as P.

Biological Nutrient Removal Plant, Grimstad, Norway

Process Designer - Due to cold temperatures, conventional technology in Norway consisted of chemically assisted primary treatment. Dr. Barnard was responsible for the process design for this first biological nutrient removal plant in Norway. The plant achieves excellent removal of both nitrogen and phosphorus without the addition of chemicals. While the plant was designed for operation at a minimum of 9ºC, it functioned without interruption at 5ºC. There is now a move towards “greener technology” in Norway by reducing the addition of metal salts and recycling biosolids to land.

Upgrade of 23rd Avenue Treatment Plant, City of Phoenix, AZ

Technical Advisor - Served as Advisor on the Team of Malcolm Pirnie for upgrading this plant to nitrogen removal. The conversion from high rate to nitrification and denitrification resulted in a saving of energy. This resulted mostly from the doubling of the alpha factor for oxygen transfer after conversion to nitrification.

Process Design for Two Treatment Plants, City of Brasilia, Brazil

Process Design - Process design for two treatment plants for the City of Brasilia for biological nutrient removal. The City was constructed some 50 years ago to serve as the new Federal Capital. An artificial lake was created and two treatment plants constructed on the two arms of the lake. The nutrients turned the lake into a pea soup consistency. The aim was to reduce the phosphorus to background values. For this purpose two biological nutrient removal plants were constructed with a tertiary stage of dissolved air flotation. When there was a need to add chemicals, these could be added to the DAF units for reducing phosphorus to below the background levels in the lake. In a recent article, the recovery of the lake is described which resulted from the greater than 90% removal of phosphorus by these two plants.

Edmonton, Alberta – Upgrading of existing high rate plant to Nutrient Removal (1996)

This study included pilot plant and full-scale experimentation in order to upgrade the existing high rate plant while minimizing the de-rating of the plant capacity. Use was made of computer simulations, which were calibrated, to the performance of the existing plant. Based on the computer predictions, one module was retro-fitted in a semi-step-feed mode for winter operation, which minimized the de-rating to 85% of the previous capacity, while achieving nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The demonstration module was then operated for a full year to verify that the predictions were accurate. Optimization of the final clarifiers was an essential part of the exercise.

Darvill Plant, Pietermaritzburg, Natal Province, South Africa (1992)

The original plant consisted of a surface aeration activated sludge plant with three 8ft deep suction-lift final clarifiers each 115-m dia. The feed well consisted of a central drum with circular side openings and deflection baffles. The tanks had three concentric overflow weirs. At design average flow the effluent suspended solids reached 100 mg/L. The study indicated a larger flocculating well with bottom discharge and the removal of two of the inner weirs, leaving only the perimeter weir. The support structure for the in-board launder was then used to support a Stamford baffle. It was possible to double the flow through the tanks and still maintain effluent suspended solids below 10 mg/L.

Process Design for BNR Treatment plants in South Africa (1972-1992)

Dr. Barnard did the main process design for more than 60 plants in South Africa, the first being the Goudkoppies treatment plant for Johannesburg, the Cape Flats plant for Cape Town, the Bushkoppies plant for Johannesburg and the Rooiwal and Baviaanspoort plants in Pretoria. A number of treatment plants were also designed for Zimbabwe as well as the main biological nutrient removal plant for the City of Windhoek to produce the feed water for the water reclamation plant for potable re-use.

REFEREED SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS

Oleszkiewicz, J.A., Kalinowska, E, Dold, P., Barnard, J.L., Bieniowski, M., Ferenc, Z., Jones, R., Rypina, A., & Sudol, J (2004). Carbon limitation in the pre-design simulation of Warsaw’s new BNR plant. Environ. Techn., May 6, 2004.

Mavinic, D.S, Mahendraker, V., Rabinowitz, B., Dumitrescu, A.C., Koch, F.A., and Barnard, J.L (2001). Assessment of short-HRT, on-line, fixed-film prefermentation of domestic wastewater for enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Can. J. Civ. Eng./Rev. Can. Génie Civ. 28(4): 617-626.

Barnard, J.L (1998). The Development of Nutrient-Removal Processes, Water and Environmental Management, J. of Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management, UK, Vol. 12, No. 5, October.

Barnard, J.L (1984). Activated Primary Tanks for Phosphorus Removal. Water SA Vol. 10, No. 3 July.

Barnard, J.L (1976). Biological Phosphorus Removal in the Activated Sludge Process. Water SA, 2, 3, pp. 136-144.

Barnard, J.L (1975). Biological Nutrient Removal Without the Addition of Chemicals, Water Research, 9, pp. 485-490.

Barnard, J.L (1975). Nutrient Removal in Biological systems, Journal of the Institute of Water Pollution Control, 74 / 2.

Barnard, J.L (1973). Biological Denitrification, Journal of the Institute of Water Pollution Control, Vol. 72, No. 6.

FULLY REFEREED CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Stevens, G.M., Barnard, J.L., and Rabinowitz, B (1999). Optimizing Biological Nutrient Removal in anoxic zones. Water Science and Technology Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 113–118.

De Wet, F.J., Barnard, J.L. and Saayman, G (1992). Baviaanspoort Wastewater reclamation plant, Wat Sci & Tech. Vol. 25, No. 5.

Van Huysteen, J.A., J.L. Barnard, J.L. and Hendriksz, J (1990). The Olifantsfontein Nutrient Removal Plant. Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol. 22, No 7/8, pp. 1-8.

Barnard, J.L. and Meiring, P.G.J (1988). Dissolved Oxygen Control in the Activated Sludge Process, Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol. 20, No 4/5, p. 93.

Barnard, J.L (1983). Design Considerations regarding Phosphorus Removal in Activated Sludge Plants. Wat.. Sci. & Tech. Vol. 15, p. 319.

Barnard, J.L. The influence of Nitrogen on Phosphorus Removal in Activated Sludge Plants, Wat. Sci. & Tech. Vol.14, pp. 31-45, 1982.

Barnard, J.L. and Pybus, P.J (1980). The design of two plants for biological Removal of Nutrients. Progress in Water Technology, Vol. 12, No. 5, p. 593.

Barnard, J.L (1975). A consolidated Approach to Activated Sludge Process Design, Progress in Water Technology, Vol. 7, No. 1, p. 73.

Barnard, J.L., Englande, A.J. and Eckenfelder, W.W (1972). Design Optimization for Activated Sludge and Extended Aeration Plants. Journal Advances in Water Pollution Research. Sixth International Conference, Jerusalem, Israel.

TEXTBOOK CONTRIBUTIONS AND REPORTS

Ekama, G.A., Barnard, J.L., Guenthert, F.W., Krebs, P., McCorquodale, J.A., Parker D.S., and Wahlberg E.J (1997). Secondary Settling Tanks: Theory, Modeling, Design and Operation. Scientific and Technical Report No.6, IAWQ

Barnard, J.L. Chapter 8 - Residuals Management, Research Needs for Nutrient Removal from Wastewater, WERF Project 92-WNR-1, 1994.

Randall C.W., Barnard J.L., Stensel H.D (1992). Design and Retrofit of Wastewater Treatment Plants for Biological Nutrient Removal. Technomic Publishing Company Inc., Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal form Municipal Wastewater – Principles and Practice – Second Edition. Lewis Publishers (1991). R.I. Sedlak Editor. Contribution by James Barnard.

TRADE JOURNALS

Barnard, J.L., Steichen, M., Cambridge, D. To Air is Human – Operators benefit from enhanced understanding of hydraulic design to favour biological nutrient removal. Water Environment & Technology, August, 2005, p. 40-44.

Barnard, J.L., Curto, P., & Rogalla, F (2004). Drawing on experience of BNR. Water & Waste Treatment, p. 12, July.

Barnard, J.L. and Scruggs, C (2003). Biological Phosphorus Removal – Secondary Release and Glycogen Accumulating Bacteria. Water Environment and Technology, Vol. 15, No. 2. February.

Rabinowitz, B. and Barnard, J.L (1995). Biological Nutrient Removal in Western Canada. IAWQ Yearbook 1995-1996.

Rabinowitz, B and Barnard, J.L (1994). Sludge Handling for Biological Nutrient Removal Plants, Yearbook 1994-1995 International Association on Water Quality ISSN 0968-3402.

Barnard, J.L. Patents concerning BNR plants, (1991). Water Sewage and Effluent, Vol. 11, No. 1.

Barnard, J.L. and Hoffmann, J.R (1986). Selecting aerators for nutrient removal plants. Water Sewage and Effluent, 26, 6-15.

Barnard, J.L. Cut P and N Without Chemicals. Water & Wastes Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 8, pp. 41-43, 1974b.

Barnard, J.L. Cut P and N Without Chemicals. Water & Wastes Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 7, pp. 33-36, 1974a.

HONORS AND AWARDS

• Honorary Doctorate in Civil Engineering U of Johannesburg (2008)

• Clarke Prize (2007)

• AAEE: Honorary Board Certified Environmental Engineer (2006)

• IWA: The Council of Distiguished Water Professionals (CDWP) (2005)

• Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of the Province of Manitoba Achievement Award (2002)

• South African Academy of Science and Arts: Gold Medal (1990)

• Pretorian of the Year Award (1989)

• IWA: Koch/Imhoff Award (1988)

• WEF: Thomas R. Camp Award (1987)

• South African Civil Engineering Award (1983)

KEY NOTE PRESENTATIONS, INVITED LECTURES AND SEMINARS

Barnard, J. Elimination of Eutrophication through Resource Recovery Clarke Prize Lecture 2007

Barnard, J.: Biological Nutrient Removal: Where We Have Been, Where We Are Heading. AEESP/WEF Lecture. WEFTEC 79th Annual Technical Exhibition and Conference, October,21-25, 2006 Dallas, TX USA.

Barnard, J.L.: Where is Biological Nutrient Removal Going Now? 3rd IWA Leading-Edge Conference & Exhibition on Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies, 6-8 June 2005 Sapporo, Japan.

Barnard, J., Abraham, K.: Key Features of Successful BNR Operation, IWA Specialized Conference, Nutrient Management in Wastewater Treatment Processes and Recycle Streams, Krakow, Poland 19-21 September, 2005.

Barnard, J.L. and Wallis-Lage, C.L.: Innovations in Final Clarifier Design. IWA Leading Edge Conference on Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies 26-28 May 2003 - Noordwijk/Amsterdam, Netherlands

Carbon Augmentation for BNR - WEFTEC Pre-Conference Seminar September 29, 2002, Chicago, IL, USA:

Barnard, J.L. and deBarbadillo, C: Manipulation of Sludge Treatment for Volatile Fatty Acids Production

Johnson, T.L. and Barnard, J.L: Biological Nutrient Removal Fundamentals.

International Training Seminars, US AID and LEMTECH Konsulting, Krakow, Poland:

Barnard, J.L., Jones, R.; Dold, P. and Oleszkiewicz, J (2001): From bench scale to full scale through modeling.

Barnard, J.L., Wanner, J., Rothman, M., and Oleszkiewicz, J (2000): Philosophy of design versus operation of BNR wastewater treatment plant

Oleszkiewicz, J. and J. Barnard, J.L (1997). Acidogenic fermentation of primary sludge for intensification of biological removal of phosphorus and nitrogen.

Oleszkiewicz, J. and Barnard, J.L (1997). Effects of cold temperature on biological nutrient removal. Proceed. Internat. Conf. on Nutrient Removal from Wastewater.

Barnard, J.L (1996). Current Trends in Wastewater Biological Treatment Plants, Presented at the Conference Jornadas sobre Tendencias Actuales en Saneamiento de Aguas Residuales, Oviedo, Spain, October 15-18, sponsored by the Confederacion Hidrografica del Norte.

Barnard, J.L., Wilson, W., Oleszkiewicz, J (1995). Nutrient removal: Strategies and techniques, International Seminar. Western Canada Water & Waste Association WEF; Winnipeg, Canada, Nov 6-7, p. 300.

Barnard, J.L., Rabinowitz, B., & Coleman, P. Biological Nutrient Removal / A Western Canada Experience. 1995 ASCE-CSCE Environmental Engineering Conf. held in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, July 23-26, 1995.

Barnard, J.L (1994). Alternative Prefermentation Systems, Use of Fermentation to Enhance Biological Nutrient Removal. Conference Seminar, October 15, 1994, 67th Annual WEF Conference, Chicago, IL, USA.

Barnard, J.L., Prejudices, Processes and Patents, Plenary Paper. Second Australian Conference on Biological Nutrient Removal from Wastewater, October 4-6, 1994.

Barnard, J.L., Prefermentation in Biological Nutrient Removal Plants, Proceedings of Joint CSCE-ASCE Conference on Environment Engineering, July 12-14, 1993. Montréal, Quebec, Canada.

Barnard, J.L (1988). Case studies in Phosphate Removeal. Proc. Intl. Workshop Wastewater Treatment Tehnol., Danish Assoc. Consult. Eng., Copenhagen, Denmark.

Barnard, J.L., Stevens, G.M. and Leslie, P.J (1984). Design Strategies for nutrient removal plants. 12th IAWQ Conference, Seminar on Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater, Paris, France.